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Essay / 23 Help me
Kant wrote the Critique of Pure Reason, but it was extremely misunderstood. The two prefaces to this book attempt to clarify things. The second preface is longer and develops certain reflections highlighted in the first preface. These two prefaces have many differences, including the unity of reason and experience and how reason can progress without experience. This short essay focuses on Kant's position on metaphysics in the two prefaces, focusing on the major differences. Kant addresses the question of metaphysics in his two prefaces to Critique of Pure Reason. In the first preface, metaphysics is described as “the queen of all sciences” (Kant 1). This imagery is heavily influenced by Kant's time, since many European countries had monarchical governments. Just as a queen is the most influential figure in a monarchical country, metaphysics, in Kant's time, takes on this elevated role in philosophical inquiries and other fields have subordinate roles. Therefore, the image of the queen undoubtedly implies that metaphysics has a major role to play and that other fields of study have subordinate roles. However, the "Queen's" empire collapsed due to her strong hold on the dogmatism, anarchy and skepticism that reigned from within. Dogmatism can easily be likened to reductionism because it takes one aspect of reality and uses it to represent the entire reality. In this case, a dogmatist is one who assumes and assumes that human reason can understand ultimate reality. Dogmatism manifests itself through rationalism, realism and transcendence. In rationalism, it is possible to determine from pure a priori principles the ultimate nature of God, the soul and the cosmos. Dogmatism claims that knowledge arises independently of the medium of the paper... "which fundamentally requires that one act only according to principles which are in themselves worthy of constituting a universal law" (68). This entails the will and freedom of a moral agent. Endowed with will, rational beings make things happen in the world through their will. A free will in the positive sense must determine itself, it must act according to a law that it gives itself, a law of freedom. This is exactly what being autonomous is, and therefore recognizing oneself as subject to the categorical imperative” (80). Kant develops his argument to show the importance of metaphysics and reason. Despite its limitations, the practical use of reason allows a moral agent to participate freely in the moral world, thereby helping to make the world as it should be. Reason has a practical aspect which is articulated in the categorical imperative.