Alejandra MartinezExam 1 1. The “typology” of personality is historically old. Give two examples of historical typology.A. Sheldon suggested that the human body be categorized. He introduced Sheldon's Somatotypes which relate body types to human temperament into three types:1. Mesomorph (muscle): courageous, assertive, daring, competitive2. Endomorph (nervous tissue): sociable, even-tempered, affectionate3. Ectomorph (digestive): self-conscious, introverted, artistic, intenseB. Hippocrates introduced what are called the four temperaments: 1. Melancholic - Is associated with moody, anxious, rigid, calm, reserved 2. Choleric - Is associated with aggressive, impulsive, active, optimistic, excitable 3. Phlegmatic - Is associated in Sanguin - Is associated with carefree, sociable, talkative, extroverted, laid-back leadership2. Why is it important that an individual's personality remains relatively stable throughout their life? Is there any evidence of its stability? Over time, some aspects of personality change, while others remain stable. For example, according to Costa and McCrae's study of adult personality, in early adulthood, neuroticism decreases, openness to experience increases, and in middle adulthood, agreeableness increases. However, it is important that an individual's personality remains relatively stable throughout their life, because we expect our traits and characteristics to remain relatively stable throughout our lives. It is also important for a respectable lifespan and for the life course of evolution and adaptation. The results of adult personality studies indicate changes in stability in adult personality. At one time, it was claimed that there was no solid evidence that an individual's personality was not perfectly stable. However, stability changes over the course of a person's life and is relatively stable after age. However, both characteristics of reliability and validity are important and can be used in many studies, such as self-report and other assessments of daily behavior. Reliability refers to internal consistency, inter-rater reliability, test-retest, and standardized scoring. In other words, reliability means that study scores should be consistent and results should be reproducible. Validity also refers to convergent validity, discriminant validity, and predictive validity. Validity refers to the reliability or credibility of the research. If the results of a study, their reliability and validity are valid, they must be reliable. 5. How do evolutionary psychologists explain the fact that all humans share a five-factor personality structure. When did it evolve? (Discuss the EEA concept.) Evolutionary psychologists explain the fact that all humans share a five-factor personality structure as a result of common human nature. The Big Five offers valuable insight into personality structure because of its stability traits over time. Also offers a comprehensive overview of basic personality traits and proves the differences in social life for thousands of years, even dating back to the EEA. Human nature has evolved throughout history with common adaptations such as social acceptance, progression, survival, reproduction, parenting, and social relationships. This has evolved to the extent that people ensure that children are protected and well protected.