(2011), patient mortality increased by 2% when nursing staffing was below target and increased by 4% when the patient was on a “shift” unit. “high staff”, which refers to admissions and discharges. The authors also point out that nurses' workload increases during patient admission, discharge, and transfer (p. 1039). Once a patient arrives on the unit, the nurse must perform physical assessments, obtain a detailed health history, document home medications, orient the patient to the room and unit, provide education regarding their condition, initiate doctor's orders for procedures and medications, initiate vascular access, etc. During this long period, other patients do not receive direct care. If the acuity level of these other patients is high or if many other patients are present, adverse events may occur. Hinno et al (2011) state that this increased workload increases the risk of nosocomial infections, falls, pressure sores and medication errors (p. 1585). By staffing appropriately, the authors see a decrease in mortality, hospital-acquired infections, and rescue failure rates. This results in a financial loss since insurance does not pay for “never-anticipated events” (Needleman et al..