Research in the works of Marshall and Kennedy shows that serial killers are highly organized. This is because serial killers generally have higher IQs and a higher number of paraphilias (Marshall & Kennedy, 2003, p. 3). As Fleming explained in his lectures, disorganized killers are more likely to drop out of school, live alone, be sexually ignorant, strangle themselves, use the murder site as a dumping ground, and not be planned (Fleming, 2014). Dahmer has more characteristics of a disorganized killer. Dahmer never achieved success in his life due to a drinking problem in high school, failure in college, and discharge from the army. Dahmer was never able to maintain a relationship and lived either with his grandmother or alone for most of his life. Dahmer's sexual ignorance led him to strangle his victims, two characteristics of a disorganized killer (Biography.com, 2014). Dahmer's lack of planning led to two main reasons why he is considered a disorganized serial killer. Dahmer allegedly used the same site of his murders as the landfill. The victims would be killed in Dahmer's apartment then cut up, stored, decomposed, cooked and then eaten. The decomposed and cooked flesh would then cause a foul odor throughout the apartment reported by Dahmer's neighbors (Biography.com, 2014). Dahmer displayed many characteristics that describe him as a disorganized man.