According to Color Blind Awareness, approximately 1 in 12 men and 1 in 200 women are affected by color blindness, with red-green being the most common. A less common and more serious form of color vision deficiency, called blue cone monochromia, results in very poor visual acuity and severely reduced color vision. In the eye, there are 3 distinct types of color receptors sensitive to different wavelengths of light. The eyes capture light in the 3 rods to produce normal color. Mutations in the OPN1LW, OPN1MW, and OPN1SW genes cause forms of color vision deficiency. The OPN1LW, OPN1MW, and OPN1SW genes provide instructions for making the three opsin pigment proteins in cones. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”? Get an original essay These produced proteins play a key role in color vision. When color blindness occurs, one or more cones do not work. For example, the rarer tritanomaly (blue-yellow color deficiency) causes difficulty distinguishing shades of blue and green due to the absence of the S cone or blue cone. Color blindness is passed from mother to son on the 23rd chromosome, which is known as the sex chromosome because it also determines sex. Men are more likely to be color blind than women because the genes related to color blindness are found at Xq28 on the X chromosome. Women have two mutation must be found only on her X chromosome while for a colorblind woman, the mutation must be present on both Genes on the X chromosome can be recessive or dominant. Their expression in females and males is not the same. Tritanomaly is inherited as an autosomal dominant defect, with incomplete penetrance. Red/green color blindness is an autosomal dominant treatment. At the DNA level, differences in the amino acids involved in adjusting the spectra of red and green cone pigments explain most of the variation. One source of variation is the Ser180Ala polymorphism which represents two different red pigments and plays an important role in variation in normal color vision as well as in determining the severity of color blindness. This polymorphism most likely comes from a gene conversion by the green pigment gene. Another common source of variation is the existence of multiple types of red/green pigments with different properties. The red and green pigment genes are arranged in head-to-tail tandem on the X chromosome with a red pigment gene followed by one or more green pigment genes. The high homology between these genes has predisposed the locus to relatively common unequal recombination or rearrangement events that give rise to red/green hybrid genes and deletion of green pigment genes. Since the genes are highly homologous and adjacent to each other, recombinations between them are common and can lead to irregular pigments. Keep in mind: this is just a sample. Get a personalized article from our expert writers now. Get a Personalized Essay The rearrangements promote duplications of the red and green genes, so most people have additional pigment genes. Such events.