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  • Essay / A Dictionary of the English Language by Samuel Johnson

    In Johnson's preface to A Dictionary of the English Language, Johnson argues the importance of preserving language. Other dialects had produced their own dictionaries, such as French and Italian. Various 18th-century writers were alarmed that there was no standard for the English language, since there was no standard that could easily disappear. Johnson explored many points, such as how and why languages ​​change as well as the number of words formed. Many words are derived from other languages; Johnson describes how traders managed to communicate with those on the Mediterranean and Indian coasts. They developed a sort of jargon by mixing English with the language of traders. Johnson realized that this type of slang would not be limited to ports and might eventually come into common use. “This will not always be limited to the stock exchange, the warehouse or the port, but will gradually be communicated to other sections of the people and will finally be incorporated into the current discourse (Johnson2751).” Johnson referred to this change as an external cause of the evolution of language; indeed it seems that he thinks it corrupts language; “Commerce, however necessary it may be, however lucrative it may be… corrupts the language (Johnson2751). » So I believe he thought that trade had a negative impact on the English language. Another form of this is when two different dialects come together to form a third dialect. Johnson didn't seem to like it either as he says it “...fills his memory; and…will obstruct borrowed terms and exotic expressions (Johnson 2752). I think he is saying that such dialects make no sense and only confuse the listener, because the third form is a distinct form from the other two dialects. Why not choose one, why combine them to create a new one. Johnson explains that language is one of the many proofs of civility among people. Being a people of class and artistic pleasures, most are educated and seek knowledge daily. This leads to what he calls internal causes of changes in language like science. Many scientific terms are created to represent new ideas and discoveries. By creating a dictionary, Johnson hopes to build a foundation upon which more words can be built, not eliminated. I believe Johnson finds this type of change beneficial to the English language; saying “a language is amplified” (Johnson2751).