One of the most famous scientists of the 19th century was a German scientist named Franz Joseph Gall. Considered the founder of phrenology, Gall was a pioneer in his fields of neuroanatomy and physics, and also widely known for his theories and concepts on localized functions of the brain and phrenology. His primary goal in his studies was to develop a functional anatomy and physiology of the brain as well as a revised psychology of personality. (http://grants.hhp.coe.uh.edu/clayne/HistoryofMC/HistoryMC/Gall.htm) This influential psychologist made many influential, but at the time controversial, contributions to the study of psychology and of the human brain.A.) The early life and education of Franz Joseph GallFranz Joseph Gall was born in the village of Tiefenbronn in Baden, Germany, on March 9, 1758, into a culture shaped by the Enlightenment of the 18th century. The 18th century created a lavish and expensive aristocratic culture. (http://wps.ablongman.com/long_kishlansky_cw_5/4/1053/269656.cw/index.html) Gall quickly got used to this culture because he was born into a rather wealthy Catholic family. His family was one of the leading families in his region for over a century. In fact, his father was even mayor of Tiefenbronn, which made his family even more well-known and popular among their neighbors. Gall was the brother of twelve siblings, but only nine survived to adulthood. During the century of Gall's childhood, it was quite common for children not to survive to adulthood because couples conceived their children at a younger age, leading to more complications for the mother and the child during pregnancy and childbirth. As a child, Gall had been very interested in ...... middle of article ...... developed towards deeper studies of the brain and how it works. Another major contribution made by Gall through his work is the idea of ​​brain localization and the area of ​​the brain that controls speech, language as well as word memory. Gall was also the first to discover that the white matter of the brain contained fibers or axons and that the gray matter of the brain contained neurons or cell bodies. Franz Joseph Gall is known today as one of the most influential people in history because of his seminal work in phrenology which led to later discoveries. His work led to the development of many other branches of science such as craniology, psychognomy and anthropometry. (Biographies about psychologists.) We can thank Franz Joseph Gall for improving the field of psychology through his work and for standing strong through critiques of his lectures and system..