LITERATURE REVIEW Avidov (1970) mentioned that a total of 38 species of parasites and 10 species of predators were found in Israel, associated with Aonidilla aurantii, Parlatoria pergandii, Coccus hesperidum, Sassetia olea and Ceroplastis floridensisMartino (1982) in Italy stated that scale insects infesting citrus crops were attacked by natural enemies such as Aphytis sp. Merleir (1984) mentioned that ornamental maples, limes and chestnuts in Reims, France, were jointly infested with Eupulvinaria hydrageae and Pulvinaria regalis canard for several years. During observations on natural enemies of scales, ladybug larvae feed on the eggs and young larvae of P. regalis. Larvae of the dipteran predator Leucopis sp were found in the ovisacs of E.hydrogeae. Salem (1994) found that the activity of the parasitoid (Encyrtidae) on Kilifia acuminata was dispersed during the two years studied. The activity of this parasite on females was higher in the immature stage, the lowest activity of the parasite (Encyrtidae) was observed in mid-July, August and December. Ofek et al (1997) in Israel stated that there were several natural enemies identified for Aonidiella. orientalis and Aonidiella ourantii, including Aphytis linganesis, were detected. Kwais (1998) mentioned that the scale insect Insulaspis pallidula was found with its parasite Aphytis lepidosaphes on zebda and dabsha varieties in May, July and August in Faiym governorate. On the other hand, Lindingaspis floridana and Aulacaspis tubercularis are found without parasites. Additionally, parlatoria olea was found parasitized by [ Aphytis moculicornis and Aphytis lingnansis ] in high and low infestations on zebda and hindy v...... middle of paper ...... as well as the effect of two meteorological factors on insect activity was studied in El-Qanater El-kairia, Qaliobiya Governorate, Egypt in 2001/02 and 2002/03. The results revealed that pre-adult and adult populations peaked four times per year in May, July, September/October and November. The pest had overlapping annual generations, with the highest generation occurring in the fall in both years studied. The daily mean temperature was entirely below the optimal range for pre-adult and adult activities in both years, while the daily mean relative humidity was within the optimal range for pre-adult and adult activities in 2001-2002 and entirely below the optimal range. range of pre-adult and adult activities in 2002-2003. The combined effect of the two weather factors on pre-adult and adult activities was very significant in both years..