Title: Saturated Steam Sterilization Introduction: The sterilization process is carried out to completely eliminate all microorganisms that could potentially be a contaminant and cause hazards (Chi, 1993). Sterilization is a process defined by the destruction of all living microorganisms, including bacteria and spores. This process can be carried out chemically, physically and by means of physicochemical methods (Soper & Davies, 1990). The chemicals used in these processes to ensure that all microorganisms no longer exist are called sterilizing agents and are called chemisterilants. The outcome of sterilization often depends on the type of substance to be sterilized and the conditions required to sterilize it properly (Soper & Davies, 1990). The types of sterilization methods differ from the use of saturated steam under pressure or the use of heat, which can be classified into moist and dry heat. The use of heat is considered the oldest and most reliable method of sterilization. Some other sterilization methods include ionizing radiation, filtration, and gas delivery. Moist heat sterilization can be carried out by exposing microorganisms to saturated steam under pressure in an operating machine called an autoclave. Once the microorganisms are enclosed in the autoclave, their enzymes and protein structural components will begin to change, and the changes formed will not be reversible (Yesair, 1946). As the temperature in the autoclave increases, the amount of water in the autoclave decreases. This sterilization method requires precise measurement of time, temperature and pressure. Cleanliness and removal of all debris found in the autoclave machine should be removed. When initiating this method, air must be removed from the autoclave to prevent air pockets from forming. Flash sterilization is a questionable practice that requires proper use (Gardner, 2002). Step-by-step flash sterilization is a method that can be used to sterilize items that cannot withstand the standard autoclave process (Chobin, 2007). Physical methods of sterilizing microorganisms have been studied and it has been found that moist heat is the most effective method (Rahn, 1945). In conclusion, sterilization is a crucial process that ensures the complete elimination of all microorganisms that could potentially be contaminants and lead to the occurrence of hazards. The use of saturated steam under pressure or using heat is considered the oldest and most reliable method of sterilization. The autoclave is an operational machine which allows sterilization by moist heat. Accurate measurements of time, temperature and pressure are necessary for this method to be effective. Flash sterilization is a questionable practice that requires proper use. Physical methods of sterilizing microorganisms have been studied and it has been found that moist heat is the most effective method..