Surgery OverviewOver the years, surgery has made enormous advancements while changing the human perspective; Considered "no more science than butchery" a few centuries ago, it is now seen as a solution to many health problems threatening humans, such as cancer, heart disease and kidney failure. However, the surgery has not been perfected to a level where positive results can be achieved every time it is performed on patients. For example, surgery performed to remove tumors in cancer patients only cures 45% of individuals. However, to be successful, the surgical procedure must be performed with incredible precision and incomplete removal of tumors can decrease survival rates. Surgeons must therefore be able to recognize diseased tissue and distinguish it from healthy tissue. But even with the use of radioactive tracers and visual images, surgeons are not able to identify the exact location of unhealthy tissue and its boundaries. So, almost 40% of the time, cancer cells are left behind because even the most skilled surgeons fail at the nanoscale of tissue. One of the reasons for this problem is the size of surgical tools which are millions of times larger than that of tissue. a single cell. In 1959, Richard Feynman, an engineer, proposed a solution to this problem by suggesting the idea of ​​nanoscale surgical tools for more precise diagnosis and assessment. Today, Feynman's initiative has come to fruition and many microscopic tools have already been developed for greater precision and faster healing; nanoscale tweezers, microscopic scalpels and nanoparticles. At present, the main goal of scientists and engineers is to develop the surgery into a minimally invasive method and nanote...... middle of paper ......e scale materials nanoscale could include a new form of nanobase toxicity. People working with large quantities of nanomaterials should take appropriate measures to avoid their inhalation and ingestion. However, scientists have discovered that silicon is good for building nanorobots due to its unique properties; durability, flexibility and conductivity. However, silicon cannot dissolve in bodily fluids. Additionally, in medical applications, biodegradability is going to be a challenge due to foreign particles inside the body and controlled mobility. The small size ranging from 0.1 to 10 micrometers of nanobots makes their construction difficult. The working process atom by atom and molecule by molecule is monotonous work and the miniaturization of synthesis mechanisms at the nanoscale will only be feasible with the advancement of metallurgical research...