Young people in the Canadian justice system lose their identity. Their age places them under the jurisdiction of the Youth Criminal Justice Act. Criminal charges identify them as criminals and their "'character traits'...qualify them for society" (1957: 45). Procedures such as pre-sentence reports summarize their history and reduce young people to “objects of more or less easy absorption” (1957: 45). It is this pre-sentence report written by a probation officer that provides guidance to the judge in determining the sentence. A probation officer will interview the youth, their families and friends and create a portrait of the defendant's character and how he or she plans to reform. This is used to assist the judge in determining the sentence, but it is also used as a means of identifying the character of the young person and their subsequent labeling and treatment. This documentation will follow them throughout their youth within any government agency. Young people are being misled by those within the system, not for their own good, but for what those within the system believe to be in their best interest. This includes things such as plea bargains, chemical restraints, and permanent tags; all this deprives them of their voice and their identity. A risk and needs assessment is also developed by the probation officer who follows the youth to their detention facility, group homes and community intervention programs. Risk and needs assessment was developed in the 1980s and is based on an ideology that is based on three beliefs. The first is that criminal behavior can be accurately predicted and the higher the risk, the more treatment should be provided. The second is that this behavior has triggers that cause it and these should be the focus of the document......0. " Ottawa, ON: Statistics Canada. Calverley, D., Cotter, A., & Halla, E. 2010. “Youth care and community services in Canada — 2008-2009”, Juristat 30(1). Ottawa, ON: Statistics Canada. Canadian Mental Health Association and “Fast Facts on Mental Illness in Youth” Retrieved from http://www.cmha.ca/bins/content_page.asp?cid=6-20-23-. 44 (accessed March 3, 2014). Ogrodnik, L. 2010. "Child and youth victims of police - reported violent crime — 2008 (Canadian Center for Justice Statistics profile series)". Ottawa, ON: Statistics Canada. Roumeliotis, Ioanna. “Canada's crime rate in 2011 is lowest since 1972.” CBCNews, July 24, 2012, http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/canada-s-crime-rate-in-2011-lowest -since-1972-1.1166759 (accessed February 22, 2014). J.2007. “Self-reported delinquency by youth, Toronto — 2006”, Juristat 27(6).Ottawa, ON: Statistics Canada..