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  • Essay / Philosophy: Kant's Free Will - 1223

    Do humans really have free will or is their life completely predetermined? This question of free will has been and will always remain a place of argument in philosophy. Many great philosophers have attempted to answer this question, but none have done as effective a job as Immanuel Kant. He lays the basis of his argument in his Prolegomena to all future metaphysics. Kant writes these prolegomena in response to David Hume's skepticism and, therefore, Kant attempts to anchor metaphysics more firmly. In the introduction, Kant says: "I openly confess that my memory of David Hume is precisely what, many years ago, interrupted my dogmatic sleep and gave my researches in the field of speculative philosophy a whole new direction” (Prolegomena). Kant takes a step towards critical philosophy against skepticism. Kant was opposed to the concept that knowledge is acquired through experience, which is essentially Hume's program. Kant attempts to use rationalism and empiricism to achieve this. His prolegomena were designed to make his philosophies more accessible to the general public. Later in his writings, Kant puts forward four theses, the third of which constitutes the argument in favor of free will. “Thesis: There are causes in the world through freedom. Antithesis: There is no freedom, but everything is nature” (Prolegomena). The argument being that we act in accordance with our own free will, contrary to the claim that everything we do is determined by nature. Nearly 250 years later, this remains the central argument for or against free will. Kant begins to explain his theses and when he reaches the third he says: "Now I can say without contradiction that all the actions of rational beings, insofar as they are appearances (which we encounter in the midst of 'a paper...the son is called the will' (Groundwork) The moral law continually seems to pose a problem for Kant's theories, but there is no doubt that the moral law exists. morally" good and bad in each human being In yet another text, Kant finally addresses the capacity of man to voluntarily do evil, in Religion within the limits of reason alone (. Tcherkasova 368). In this case, Kant speaks urgently of the freedom of good or evil; he begins to associate freedom with the “absolute spontaneity of arbitrary will” (Religion). Once again Kant's argument makes sense Sometimes it seems like there are a lot of contradictions in his writings, but in reality it is through interpretation that contradiction and confusion arise...