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Essay / Takeaway Test - 623
In Carl Safina's Voyage of the Turtle, he discusses in detail the behavior, anatomy, and physiology of sea turtles, focusing particularly on the leatherback turtle, Dermochelys coriacea. Although he talks about many aspects of sea turtle biology, I will focus on the sensory biology, diving physiology, and thermoregulation methods used by leatherback turtles, as described in his book. Safina talks in depth about the sensory biology of nesting leatherback turtles, particularly when it comes to light. He states that at wavelengths below 550 nm, artificial light is not only a deterrent to nesting females, but it also disrupts hatchlings during the frenzy period (47; 54). The frenzy period in newborns is the first 24 to 48 hours of a newborn's life, which involves crawling to the ocean, entering the ocean, and constantly swimming in order to reduce predation and find food. When they begin to crawl out of the nest, hatchlings experience a very strong attraction to light. They head towards the brightest area of the beach, which is usually the horizon as the sun begins to rise. They follow the light until they enter the ocean, where they switch from using light to using their innate magnetic fields to navigate. However, areas subject to significant infrastructural development use a lot of bright light during the construction process, especially at night. Hatchlings mistake this light for the light they are supposed to follow and often end up moving away from the ocean. In Fort Lauderdale, Florida, Safina and Dr. Kirt Rusenko observed the behavior of hatchlings after they emerged from the nest. Due to the many hotels, condos, houses and stores, disorientation of newborn sea turtles is very common. The newborns were... middle of paper ... even though the ambient temperature was around 14°C (179). As the leatherback turtle can occupy a wide range of environments, it is able to maintain its body temperature between 25 and 29°C, even in Arctic waters (179). Their black skin and brown fat help them generate heat, while their thick fat helps them store heat. Their massive size, a body plan known as gigantothermy, also prevents heat loss by decreasing the surface area in contact with the cold (179, 181). Leatherback turtles are also able to divert blood flow to certain parts of the body to keep blood in their deeper tissues. Finally, counter-current heat exchangers in their hydrofoils keep their fins cool while simultaneously maintaining a high core temperature (180). Works cited Safina, C. (2006). Journey of the Turtle: in pursuit of Earth's last dinosaur. New York: Holt