The Politics of Islamic Resurgence in Malaysia: Challenges of the Mahathir Era of Islam among the Malays, which caused them to become more conservative and religious. In response to this resurgence, an Islamist political party, the PAN Malaysian Islam Party (PAS), which had joined the United Malays National Organization (UMNO) in government, adopted an increasingly vehement Islamist stance under the leadership of Yusof Rawa. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why violent video games should not be banned”? Get an original essay In a bid to attract religious voters, Mahathir established Islamic institutions such as the International Islamic University of Malaysia that promote religious Islamic education under government supervision. He also persuaded Anwar Ibrahim, the leader of the Malaysian Islamic Youth Movement (ABIM) to join UMNO. In some cases, Mahathir's government has resorted to repression against Islamist extremists. In a police shooting in 1985, a popular Islamist leader, Ibrahim Libya, was killed. Al-Arqam, a religious sect, was banned and its leader arrested under the Internal Security Law. All this contributed to Mahathir's victory in the 1986 elections, defeating PAS with 83 seats out of 84 contested seats. 1987 – 1990 In 1987, Mahathir was challenged for the UMNO presidency, and indeed for the prime ministership, by Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah. Consequently, Razaleigh was demoted from the Ministry of Finance to the Ministry of Trade and Industry. A former close ally of Mahathir, Musa supports Razaleigh and ran for UMNO president and vice-president together on a joint ticket against Mahathir and Ghafar Baba. The tickets were known as Team B and Team A respectively. Mahathir's Team A was supported by the press and most of the party heavyweights while Team B was supported by prominent figures such than Abdullah Badawi. In the election on 24 April 1987, Team A won, with Mahathir being re-elected by a slight margin with 761 votes and Razaleigh with 718 votes. Mahathir responded by purging seven Team B supporters from his ministry, while Team B refused to accept defeat and initiated legal proceedings. In an unexpected ruling in February 1988, the High Court declared that UMNO was an illegal organization because some of its branches had not legally registered. . The two factions are competing to register a new political party under the name UMNO. Mahathir's team successfully registered the name "UMNO Baru", while Team B's application for "UMNO Malaysia" was rejected. With the support of former Prime Ministers Abdul Rahman and Hussein Onn, Team B instead registered the party as "Semangat 46". Having survived the political crisis at least temporarily, Mahathir opposed the judiciary, fearing that Team B would appeal the decision. to register UMNO Baru. He ordered an amendment to the Constitution through Parliament to remove the general power of the High Courts to conduct judicial review. Accordingly, the High Courts only undertake judicial review when specific Acts of Parliament give them the power to do so. In response to this, the Lord President of the Supreme Court, Salleh Abas, sent a letter of protest to the Agong. Mahathir then suspended Salleh for "misbehavior and misconduct", apparently because the letter was a breach of protocol. A court setinstalled by Mahathir found Salleh guilty and recommended that the Agong dismiss Salleh. Mahathir also suspended five other judges from the court who supported Salleh. The newly constituted tribunal rejected Team B's appeal, allowing Mahathir's faction to continue using the UMNO name. Alongside the political and legal crises, Mahathir launched a crackdown on opposition dissidents using the Internal Security Act. The appointment of administrators who did not speak Mandarin to Chinese schools sparked an outcry among Malaysian Chinese, to the point that UMNO's coalition partners, the Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA) and Gerakan, joined the Democratic Action Party (DAP) to protest against this designation. Mahathir launched a crackdown under the code name “Operation Lalang”. where 119 people were arrested and detained without charge under the Internal Security Act. Although most of the detainees were influential opposition activists, including DAP leader Lim Kit Siang and nine of his parliamentary colleagues, Mahathir insisted the detentions were necessary to prevent a repeat of the race riots in 1969. In early 1989, Mahathir suffered a heart attack, but recovered and led Barisan Nasional (BN) to victory in the 1990 elections. On the other hand, Semangat 46 made no progress in outside Razaleigh's home state, Kelantan. 1990 – 1998 The expiration of the New Malaysian Economic Policy (NEP) in 1990 gave Mahathir the opportunity to outline his economic vision for Malaysia. In 1991, he announced Vision 2020, according to which Malaysia would aim to become a fully developed country within 30 years. The goal of this vision is to achieve average economic growth of around seven percent of gross domestic product per year. One of the features of Vision 2020 would be to gradually eliminate ethnic barriers. Vision 2020 was accompanied by the replacement of the NEP, the National Development Policy (NDP), under which certain government programs intended to exclusively benefit the bumiputera were opened to other ethnic groups. The NDP has achieved one of its main goals, poverty reduction with less than nine percent of Malaysians living in poverty and income inequality has decreased. Mahathir's government cut corporate taxes and liberalized financial regulations to attract foreign investment. Malaysia's economy grew at more than 9 percent per year until 1997, encouraging other developing countries to attempt to emulate Mahathir's policies. Much of the credit for Malaysia's economic development in the 1990s goes to Malaysian Finance Minister Anwar Ibrahim. In the 1995 elections, the government took advantage of the economic wave and won the elections with an increased majority. 1998 – 2003 By the mid-1990s, Mahathir's power was threatened by the leadership ambitions of his deputy, Anwar. Anwar began to distance himself from Mahathir, openly promoting his superior religious credentials and appearing to suggest that he was promoting the easing of restrictions on civil liberties that had become a hallmark of Mahathir's tenure. Their positions slowly diverged, with Mahathir abandoning the strict monetary and fiscal policies advocated by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Anwar was increasingly sidelined as Mahathir took the reins of Malaysia's economic policy over the following months. On September 2, Anwar was dismissed as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance and was immediately »..

Essay / The Politics of Islamic Resurgence in Malaysia: Challenges of the Mahathir Era of Islam among the Malays, which caused them to become more conservative and religious. In response to this resurgence, an Islamist political party, the PAN Malaysian Islam Party (PAS), which had joined the United Malays National Organization (UMNO) in government, adopted an increasingly vehement Islamist stance under the leadership of Yusof Rawa. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why violent video games should not be banned”? Get an original essay In a bid to attract religious voters, Mahathir established Islamic institutions such as the International Islamic University of Malaysia that promote religious Islamic education under government supervision. He also persuaded Anwar Ibrahim, the leader of the Malaysian Islamic Youth Movement (ABIM) to join UMNO. In some cases, Mahathir's government has resorted to repression against Islamist extremists. In a police shooting in 1985, a popular Islamist leader, Ibrahim Libya, was killed. Al-Arqam, a religious sect, was banned and its leader arrested under the Internal Security Law. All this contributed to Mahathir's victory in the 1986 elections, defeating PAS with 83 seats out of 84 contested seats. 1987 – 1990 In 1987, Mahathir was challenged for the UMNO presidency, and indeed for the prime ministership, by Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah. Consequently, Razaleigh was demoted from the Ministry of Finance to the Ministry of Trade and Industry. A former close ally of Mahathir, Musa supports Razaleigh and ran for UMNO president and vice-president together on a joint ticket against Mahathir and Ghafar Baba. The tickets were known as Team B and Team A respectively. Mahathir's Team A was supported by the press and most of the party heavyweights while Team B was supported by prominent figures such than Abdullah Badawi. In the election on 24 April 1987, Team A won, with Mahathir being re-elected by a slight margin with 761 votes and Razaleigh with 718 votes. Mahathir responded by purging seven Team B supporters from his ministry, while Team B refused to accept defeat and initiated legal proceedings. In an unexpected ruling in February 1988, the High Court declared that UMNO was an illegal organization because some of its branches had not legally registered. . The two factions are competing to register a new political party under the name UMNO. Mahathir's team successfully registered the name "UMNO Baru", while Team B's application for "UMNO Malaysia" was rejected. With the support of former Prime Ministers Abdul Rahman and Hussein Onn, Team B instead registered the party as "Semangat 46". Having survived the political crisis at least temporarily, Mahathir opposed the judiciary, fearing that Team B would appeal the decision. to register UMNO Baru. He ordered an amendment to the Constitution through Parliament to remove the general power of the High Courts to conduct judicial review. Accordingly, the High Courts only undertake judicial review when specific Acts of Parliament give them the power to do so. In response to this, the Lord President of the Supreme Court, Salleh Abas, sent a letter of protest to the Agong. Mahathir then suspended Salleh for "misbehavior and misconduct", apparently because the letter was a breach of protocol. A court setinstalled by Mahathir found Salleh guilty and recommended that the Agong dismiss Salleh. Mahathir also suspended five other judges from the court who supported Salleh. The newly constituted tribunal rejected Team B's appeal, allowing Mahathir's faction to continue using the UMNO name. Alongside the political and legal crises, Mahathir launched a crackdown on opposition dissidents using the Internal Security Act. The appointment of administrators who did not speak Mandarin to Chinese schools sparked an outcry among Malaysian Chinese, to the point that UMNO's coalition partners, the Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA) and Gerakan, joined the Democratic Action Party (DAP) to protest against this designation. Mahathir launched a crackdown under the code name “Operation Lalang”. where 119 people were arrested and detained without charge under the Internal Security Act. Although most of the detainees were influential opposition activists, including DAP leader Lim Kit Siang and nine of his parliamentary colleagues, Mahathir insisted the detentions were necessary to prevent a repeat of the race riots in 1969. In early 1989, Mahathir suffered a heart attack, but recovered and led Barisan Nasional (BN) to victory in the 1990 elections. On the other hand, Semangat 46 made no progress in outside Razaleigh's home state, Kelantan. 1990 – 1998 The expiration of the New Malaysian Economic Policy (NEP) in 1990 gave Mahathir the opportunity to outline his economic vision for Malaysia. In 1991, he announced Vision 2020, according to which Malaysia would aim to become a fully developed country within 30 years. The goal of this vision is to achieve average economic growth of around seven percent of gross domestic product per year. One of the features of Vision 2020 would be to gradually eliminate ethnic barriers. Vision 2020 was accompanied by the replacement of the NEP, the National Development Policy (NDP), under which certain government programs intended to exclusively benefit the bumiputera were opened to other ethnic groups. The NDP has achieved one of its main goals, poverty reduction with less than nine percent of Malaysians living in poverty and income inequality has decreased. Mahathir's government cut corporate taxes and liberalized financial regulations to attract foreign investment. Malaysia's economy grew at more than 9 percent per year until 1997, encouraging other developing countries to attempt to emulate Mahathir's policies. Much of the credit for Malaysia's economic development in the 1990s goes to Malaysian Finance Minister Anwar Ibrahim. In the 1995 elections, the government took advantage of the economic wave and won the elections with an increased majority. 1998 – 2003 By the mid-1990s, Mahathir's power was threatened by the leadership ambitions of his deputy, Anwar. Anwar began to distance himself from Mahathir, openly promoting his superior religious credentials and appearing to suggest that he was promoting the easing of restrictions on civil liberties that had become a hallmark of Mahathir's tenure. Their positions slowly diverged, with Mahathir abandoning the strict monetary and fiscal policies advocated by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Anwar was increasingly sidelined as Mahathir took the reins of Malaysia's economic policy over the following months. On September 2, Anwar was dismissed as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance and was immediately »..

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