Table of ContentsProblem IdentificationLiterature ReviewProject DescriptionResearch Objectives:Our Project Values:Areas that need more attention are:Timeline:References :Canada continues to face an ever-increasing opioid overdose catastrophe that has claimed more than 8,000 lives in the country since 2016 (Strike & Watson, 2019). Opioids are effective medications used by most Canadians to manage pain. However, it can cause various harms even if prescribed or obtained from illicit sources (Canadian Institute for Health Information, 2018). Overprescribing in Canada has exposed people to highly addictive opioid medications, making them dependent on opioids and misusing these medications (Fischer, Pang, & Tyndall, 2019). In 2012, there was a drastic reduction in medical prescribing of opioids, leading to an emerging increase in the availability of synthetic opioids (e.g., fentanyl) and harmful analogues that lead to related deaths to opioids (Fischer, Pang, & Tyndall, 2019). According to KFL&A data, carfentanil, a dangerous and undetectable drug, made its way into the Kingston community (Krause, 2019). Data from Public Health Ontario suggests that the number of deaths increased by 246%, killing 1,250 Ontarians in 2017 (Public Health Ontario, 2019). In response to this crisis, all four harm reduction interventions – injectable opioid agonist treatment, naloxone distribution programs, overdose prevention sites (OPS), and drug monitoring services – are expanding rapidly. As a result of this innovative intervention, the country is seeing a slight decline in opioid overdose rates (Strike & Watson, 2019). Say no to plagiarism. Get a Custom Essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”?Get the Original Essay Canada has a population of 31 million and approximately 80,000 to 125,000 people are drug addicts. Opioid users suffer from several chronic illnesses such as hypertension, diabetes, and psychiatric disorders. The social cost of an untreated opioid user is approximately $1,000,000/year. Various harm reduction strategies, such as supervised injection sites (SIS), can improve quality of life, increase life expectancy, and reduce social costs (Popova, Rehm, & Fischer, 2006). SISs are health care facilities where individuals can inject drugs under the supervision of trained health workers. This harm reduction service provides sterile injection supplies, drug preparation equipment, overdose prevention and response services, education, primary care, psychiatry and counseling services, as well as referrals to substance abuse treatment, housing, and other health and social services. The main objective of SIS is to improve the physical and mental well-being of people who inject drugs. SIS intends to reduce the spread of infectious diseases (such as HIV and hepatitis), the number of overdose deaths, and incidents related to community issues or health risks (such as drug use). public drug disposal or discarded needles). SIS also facilitates the provision of other health and social services (Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario, 2018). Given that Kingston has more opioid-related deaths than the provincial average, the Street Health Center Opioid Prevention Site (OPS) in Kingston is one of the most important. Between 2016 and 2017, the number of casesopioid-related morbidity and mortality in the KFL&A public health region skyrocketed by 200% (Public Health Ontario, 2019). “In 2017, there were 188 opioid-related emergency room visits and 25 opioid-related deaths in the KFL&A region, placing our community ninth for opioid-related deaths among Ontario's 35 public health regions” (KFL&A Public Health, 2019). ). In response to this, the Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care made arrangements for community organizations to apply for overdose prevention sites (KFL&A Public Health, 2019). Identifying the Problem The Kingston site, located in Street Health's Barrack Street office opened in July 2018. While data from various supervised injection sites around the world offer the benefits of a supervised injection site, Ontario Premier Doug Ford, does not believe this is the right approach to reducing overdose mortality and morbidity rates. The Ford government plans to “pause” the deployment of supervised injection sites across the province (Dhanraj, 2018). Closing supervised injection sites under these conditions will put lives at risk. With possible funding cuts, Street Health Center CEO Mike Bell says supervised injection sites would continue to operate, but only through donations. The Street Health Center claims to need approximately 0,000 people to operate its safe injection center (Krause, 2019). The street health center already has written support from KFL&A Public Health, Frontenac Paramedic Services, Regional HIV/AIDS Services, Addictions and Mental Health Services, Kingston Police and other agencies. However, police statistics show that there has been "no increase or change in calls" since the site opened, and residents and businesses have expressed no concerns (Ferguson, 2018). . As the Ford government seeks an evidence-based review, our primary goal is to collect data and evaluate the effectiveness of the Kingston Opioid Prevention Site. The different fragments of evidence from different SIS must be compared and collaborated to estimate the effectiveness of OPS Kingston. Through our capstone project, the responsible government should be able to make the right decision regarding funding for the Street Health Centre. Literature Review Kerr, T. et.al (2017) examined the harms resulting from injection drug overdose in Canada. In 2003, Canada launched SIS and there is ample evidence that this service is useful in reducing health and social harms. After that, they focused on creating a more relevant environment for supervised injection sites by changing federal legislation. With the SIS, they began safely inhaling drugs to promote this program. They conclude that supervised injection facilities represent considerable progress based on a review of the Canadian experience. They found that there was a need to increase efforts to establish more SIS across Canada because people are positively accepting of SIS. Wood, E. (2018) stated that in the United States, drug overdose deaths increased between 1999 and 2015. In 2016, there were approximately 64,000 people who died from drug overdoses and, according to research, the leading cause of death was linked to synthetic opioids. The United States is following Canada's actions in an effort to reduce the number of deaths linked to opioids like fentanyl and its analogues. The Canadian government introduced an overdose reversal drugnaloxone and supervised injection facilities. This is also implemented in some regions of the United States. Several researchers have found that in communities with high drug overdose rates, 30% of fatal overdoses can be reduced with SIS. In British Columbia, the opioid overdose crisis has intensified and the province has developed some standards for free access to naloxone in community organizations and pharmacies. (CCSA, 2019). Both Canada and the United States have seen an increase in drug overdose deaths in recent years. 3,998 Canadians and 47,600 Americans lost their lives in 2017. They understand that the drug overdose crisis has gotten worse and they are starting to try to prevent this crisis. They recognize that there is a need for collaboration, comprehensiveness and evidence-based approaches to prevent this crisis. Based on this research, they provide harm reduction recommendations to the public. They educate them to ensure safe drug injection sites. Their strategies include providing primary care, substance abuse treatment, providing pharmaceutical opioids, and conducting an evaluation of safe injection site programs. Their strategy is to educate people about preventing opioid overdoses by using safe injection sites and naloxone treatment. (Lingle, 2013).problems such as HIV and HCV due to injection drug use and these are easily transmitted through needles when people inject drugs. SISs are introduced with the aim of reaching high-risk injecting drug users. These facilities include a safe place where drug users inject drugs under medical supervision. There is an excellent track record of SIS in reducing overdose deaths and also preventing and spreading diseases such as HIV and HCV. Their expectations are to target the population at high risk of injecting drug users, provide a place to inject drugs safely, reduce drug overdoses, provide them with education on health issues and social problems due to drug overdoses and finally to reduce the crime rate. problems with SIS, due to the law and law enforcement, some drug users fear arrest for drug use if they go to SIS and staff members also fear illegal behavior drug addicts. (OHTN, 2014) Supervised injection services help by reducing injecting behaviors and also increases the number of clients who seek out substance abuse treatment services. Supervised injection services are cost-effective and prevent the transmission of blood-borne diseases called HIV and HCV. It is safer and reduces the rate of morbidity and mortality. According to this research, this project presents some challenges, such as long queues for SIS, as these clinics are not open every time. This research found that there are some recordings and assessments that show a reduction in harmful behaviors. 75% of clients change their injection behavior, 23% stop injecting and 57% choose to follow addiction treatment. Their primary focus is on client safety, cost effectiveness, injection drug nursing, safer injection education, and public safety. Some supervised injection services are open 24 hours a day as they offer public or non-clinic facilities. This reduces long lineswaiting times in clinics, since only 20% of clients prefer to queue. (Knowles, 2017) From January 2001 to September 2003, there were several drug overdose deaths in Vancouver. According to researchers, the benefit of a safe injection site is to prevent blood-borne diseases, HIV and HCV. Because they found several indicators of community unrest such as public injection use, improper needle disposal, and needle-related litter. Data shows that approximately 8,000 drug users used the injection site in 2008. In 2003, the number of overdose deaths declined significantly in Vancouver. SIS provides excellent access to health care for people who use drugs, thereby reducing the rate of HIV and improving public order. (City of Hamilton Public Health Services, 2017) The main objective of this study is to determine the need for SIS in Hamilton, determine its feasibility and involve the community in this project. According to this research, the main benefits of SIS are reducing overdose deaths and preventing blood-borne diseases. If it were in community health centers, about 90% of drug users would attend SIS. SIS helps improve the health safety of community members by providing a safe place and environment to inject drugs. SIS is located where people easily inject illicit drugs in a safe environment and under appropriate supervision. Project Description Research Objectives: The broader topic of our research project is opioids, we want to focus on the effectiveness of safe injection sites within the community. This knowledge related to supervised injection sites helps us identify dedications to the ongoing funding program for the Kingston site. In addition, there is today a heated debate over the financing of supervised injection sites. Through our research we can provide enough data to the authorities for them to make an effective statement. Since supervised injection sites also affect other characteristics of opioid problems via summary results, we also expect to know about them as well. Our goal is to first understand the normal layout of supervised injection sites and then evaluate how it works to help people by providing opioid treatment and education. We want to determine the amount of funds allocated to achieve the desired organizational outcomes. For this reason, our study evolves the Kingston community's SIS personnel, website data, and the people who use these sites' services. Keep in mind: this is just a sample. Get a personalized article from our expert writers now. Get a Custom Essay Our Project Values: Our experiences provide a better understanding of the function of safe injection sites based on the resources disseminated to serve people suffering from opioid addiction and overdose in the Kingston area. This finding helps us understand some areas that play a major role in the success or disaster of SIS effectiveness. The project provides advice to authorities regarding the economic distribution of funding to operate the sites so that they can serve more people with higher quality and achievement outcomes that directly maintain the level of health of people in the community of Kingston. The areas that need more attention are: Research bias: As it is a study based on facts andstatistical data, which we observe, it must be considered that the authenticity cannot be verified. Time: There are many articles and websites on the Internet that offer similar content on the subject. There will therefore not be sufficient time for many references.Ethics: Although this project constitutes a proposal for continued funding by the Canadian government, it may also affect certain beliefs, values ​​and freedoms of individuals and organizations.Communication : Good communication with staff and the community is mandatory to collect the most recent data. Timeline: Week One: Review and finalize the problem topic and identify the source of resources through research. Second week: look for aspects of the problem that could hinder the progress of our project and refine the summary proposal. Week Three: Design our data collection method and organize a group meeting to decide on a day when we can collect data from the organization for our project. Fourth week: Meeting with the professor to analyze the collected recordings and judge the statistical results. Week Five: Conduct research on how to structure all the collected materials so that you can judge whether the sites are useful or not. Sixth week: preparation and formulation of the synthesis project. Seventh week: Submission of the final synthesis project. References: Canadian Center on Substance Abuse. (nd). Excerpted from Strategies for Addressing the Opioid Crisis in the United States and Canada: Cross-Border Knowledge Sharing: https://www.ccsa.ca/sites/default/files/2019-04/CCSA-Strategies-Addressing- Opioid-Crisis -Canada-US-Report-2019-en.pdfCanadian Institute for Health Information. (2018). Opioid-related harms in Canada. Ottawa: ICIS.CCSA. (2019). Strategies to address the opioid crisis in the United States and Canada: cross-border knowledge sharing. Retrieved from Canadian Center on Substance Abuse: https://www.ccsa.ca/sites/default/files/2019-04/CCSA-Strategies-Addressing-Opioid-Crisis-Canada-US-Report-2019-en . pdfCity of Hamilton Public Health Services. (2017). Hamilton supervised injection site. McMaster University, 1-96. doi:https://d3fpllf1m7bbt3.cloudfront.net/sites/default/files/media/browser/2017-11-30/hamilton-sis-study-report.pdfDhanraj, T. (2018). A drug user says he has "blood on his hands" following Doug Ford's government's "pause" on supervised injection sites. Toronto: World News. doi:https://globalnews.ca/news/4433326/ontario-safe-injection-sites-opioids/Ferguson, E. (2018). City council will be asked to support the Kingston overdose prevention site. Kingston: The Kingston Whig-Standard. Fischer, B., Pang, M. and Tyndall, M. (February 1, 2019). The opioid-related death crisis in Canada: crucial lessons for public health. The Lancet Public Health, 4(2), E81-E82. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(18)30232-9Hamilton supervised injection site. (2017, December). Retrieved from https://d3fpllf1m7bbt3.cloudfront.net/sites/default/files/media/browser/2017-11-30/hamilton-sis-study-report.pdf Kerr, T., Mitra, S., Kennedy, MC and McNeil , R. (2017). Supervised injection sites in Canada: past, present and future. Journal of Harm Reduction, 14-28. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-017-0154-1KFL&A Public health. (2019). KFL&A Public Health. Retrieved from Opioids: https://www.kflaph.ca/en/healthy-living/fentanyl.aspxKnowles, Z. (2017). Prevention at the center of concerns. Excerpt from CATIE:, 1565-1567.