CD beginning in adolescenceThe appearance of symptoms coincides with the beginning of adolescence. This group tends to be less aggressive and is less likely to continue exhibiting this behavior into adulthood (Frick, 2012; Frick and Vidin, 2009; Moffitt, 2006). The adolescent onset group is also less likely to have neuropsychological deficits (such as executive function deficits), personality risk factors (such as impulsivity and emotional regulation), and cognitive deficits (such than low intelligence) (Frick, 2012; Moffitt, 2006). However, compared to other types of CM, this group tends to reject conventional values ​​and status hierarchies more and demonstrate greater rebelliousness (Dandreaux and Frick, 2009). It has been proposed by many that the type of CD emerging in adolescence may be considered an exaggeration of normal adolescent development (Moffitt, 2006), as some level of rebellious behavior is normative in adolescence. However, people with CD in adolescence are likely to exhibit more severe and disabling rebellion than normal, due to a range of factors. These factors include: poor parental supervision, deviant peer groups, lack of respect for institutions, and certain personality traits (such as those characterized by a rejection of traditional status) (Dandreaux & Frick, 2009).CD with CU traitsA type of CD – called “CD-CU”’ is characterized by an onset in early childhood and the presence of callous and unresponsive (CU) traits, such as; a lack of guilt, a lack of concern for the feelings of others, a lack of concern for one's own performance, and a lack of meaningful emotional expression (Frick, 2012; Patrick, 2006). These traits have been compared to those of adult psychopathy (Hare & Neumann, 2006). Children with this type of...... middle of paper ...... and lack of "conscience", as these children are aware that their actions are undesirable and often feel remorse. Research has shown that these children are likely to have received poor upbringing, with hostile and inconsistent parenting practices. Based on the characteristics of the CD-EBD group, it appears that their behavior is linked to deficits in cognitive and/or emotional regulation of behavior combined with negative family experiences (Frick & Viding, 2009). It is likely that deficits in verbal abilities combined with inadequate socialization experiences lead to difficulties in executive control of behavior (e.g., inability to anticipate negative consequences of behavior). Furthermore, the emotional characteristics of the disorder coupled with negative parenting could offer an explanation for problems regulating emotional responses...