Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic illness characterized by difficulty maintaining attention, hyperactivity, and impulsive behavior. Adderall gained popularity after the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved its use for the treatment of ADHD and the treatment of the sleep disorder narcolepsy in the 1990s. Although Adderall has been shown to be effective To decrease and prevent ADHD symptoms, concerns exist regarding cardiac side effects and the potential for dependence and abuse of its chemical components. Adderall is a central nervous system stimulant composed of a mixture of amphetamine, dextroamphetamine, and amphetamine salts. . Amphetamines are thought to block the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine into the presynaptic neuron and increase the release of these monoamines into the extra-neuronal space. (Developed, 2010). Amphetamines produce feelings of euphoria, relieve fatigue, improve performance, increase activity, and suppress appetite. The euphoric effects associated with amphetamine use increase the potential for abuse. Therefore, prolonged use of amphetamines can lead to drug dependence and tolerance. The desired effects are only achieved by increasing doses of amphetamine, which can lead to acute overdose. Seizures, hypertension, tachycardia, hyperthermia, psychosis, hallucinations, stroke or death may occur. Additional reports found that those who abused amphetamines were significantly more likely to report using a greater number of illicit substances, including nicotine, marijuana, cocaine, hallucinogens, and opiates. To minimize the risk of abuse and remain effective in reducing and preventing ADHD symptoms. ..... middle of paper ......Chatterjee, A. (2009). A medical view of potential adverse effects. Nature, 457(7229), 532-533. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. “Communication on an ongoing review of the safety of stimulant medications used in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).” Home page of the United States Food and Drug Administration. April 20, 2011. The web. August 28, 2011. .Developed by R. (2010). Amphetamine/Dextroamphetamine, oral. CRS - Medication Advisor, 1. Taken from EBSCOhost.FDA ADHD Medication Warning. (2009). Pediatrics for Parents, 25(2), 1. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Kondro, W. (2005). Inconclusive evidence puts Adderall back on the market. CMAJ: Journal of the Canadian Medical Association, 173(8), 858. doi:10.1503/cmaj.051145