Poe uses apostrophe, alliteration, personification, repetition, and symbolism. The apostrophe is quite evident in this poem. The man refers several times to Lenore, who died and is no longer there for him. EXAMPLE. Alliteration is also present when he says "grim, unsightly, horrible, gaunt" and "And the silken rustle and sad and uncertain of each purple curtain..." The raven is the best example of personification. You don't normally hear a bird, especially a crow, speak. Throughout the poem, the bird speaks and repeats “never again,” which is a human quality. “Nevermore” is also an example of repetition that Poe uses to convey that Lenore will not return. Symbolism is the most widespread device. The raven is a symbol of death and bad omens, linked to the death of Lenore. Another common symbol is Lenore. The man never gives a description of her, but she constantly appears, making her a symbol. She seems to be a symbol of his sadness and problems, because his death is the cause. The Plutonian shore of night is a symbolism of death. Pluto is the Roman god of the underworld and night is associated with death. These two elements combined refer to the underworld and all the bad connotations of death. The bust of Pallas, referenced in the previous paragraph, is also a symbol. It is a symbol which refers to Lenore but also to Athena. The bust represents Athena who is the goddess of wisdom, and when the bird lands