The article “Cultural Defense” is an excellent example of how cultural rights and cultural relativity interact with each other. Cultural relativism is the position that the values ​​and norms of cultures differ and deserve respect (page 30). In the article, the author explains how a man burned himself alive to draw attention to the oppression of Buddhism in Vietnam. His friends recorded it and they were charged with second-degree manslaughter. The author uses an even-handed tone to explain why they did what they did. The author tried to understand the social norm of the other culture without using their morals or the social norms of their culture. It was clear, the men didn't think they had done anything wrong. It is a common practice hence ethnocentrism is the tendency to view one's own culture as the best and to judge the behavior and beliefs of culturally different people according to one's own standards (page 30). “Virginity tests in Türkiye” illustrates ethnocentrism. In Turkey, there is a tradition that the day after the wedding night, the bloody sheet is hung in the window to show the purity of the new bride. Some people think it's barbaric and degrading to women. Western supporters also protest forced virginity tests on hospital patients, students and applicants for government jobs. Are these really human rights violations? Or is it Americans comparing other cultures to their standards? Anthropologist Carol Delaney uses cultural relativism to seek answers. The Turkish people believe that the seed of a man, the sailor, can germinate in a woman at any time. For example, if a woman has sex two years before marriage, that man's seed can grow any time afterward. Because status, land, and wealth are passed from father to child, he must be absolutely certain that the child belongs to him. The bloody sheet helps prove that the husband can only be the father of the child. In the context of Turkish beliefs about procreation, virginity testing may constitute an area of ​​justice and morality beyond and above certain countries, cultures and religions (page 31). The article “a rite of torture for girls” illustrates the push of human rights on different cultures. In Africa and East Asia, several societies practice female genital mutilation (FGM). The text states that in girls, sometimes as young as ten years old, the genitals are cut out, including the clitoris and labia, and then everything is sewn back together with only a small hole for urine and menstrual blood. Often, this procedure is done without anesthesia. Human rights activists say this goes against basic human rights. For more than forty years, the weather has been against FGM, without success. Ethnocentrism and cultural relativism come into play when opposing the traditions and beliefs of other cultures. Western societies compare their own culture to that of African and East Asian groups. To understand why these people circumcise their daughters, we have to look from their point of view. Many participate in the gentian cutting to ensure that the girl's virtue is still intact. As in Turkish society, possessions and power are transmitted through the male line. Circumcision of girls ensures that there is no question of who the father of the child is. The use of these four concepts interact when viewed in