Abstract Illustrating the actual and potential impacts of climate change, this paper seeks to dramatize the impacts that climate change could have on Australia's national security if measures to reduce carbon emissions are not taken. The document recognizes that climate change, which can be defined as the gradual increase in temperature caused by increased production of carbon dioxide, presents a fundamental challenge to national security. This paper recognizes that Australia's climate has increased significantly since 1910. Evidence is provided to suggest that Australia has a climate-sensitive economy, as climate variation and damage from extreme weather results in social costs and economic significance. Climate-related events such as droughts and sea level rise have had economic implications, such as the 2002-2003 drought which is estimated to have reduced Australian agricultural production by 26%. Surveys of the academic literature reveal that the national security implications of climate change include increased internal and cross-border tensions caused by large-scale migration; Conflicts are triggered by resource scarcity and increase the proliferation of diseases. The research draws attention to the fact that scarce natural resources are becoming increasingly attractive terrorist targets. Potentially, any interference with Australia's water supplies could lead to serious injuries, deaths and economic chaos. These potential acts of terrorism illustrate the need for action on climate change, as does the growing threat of eco-terrorists who are waging their own fight against carbon emissions in favor of environmental rights. Report concludes that environmental issues that raise security concerns are now well recognized middle of paper ......g sea level is a wake-up call on climate change', in Independent Media Center Australia. October 2009, accessed 24 May 2010. • Ungerer, C “The international drivers of Australia's national security”, in Australian Strategic Policy Institute. September 2008, accessed May 19, 2010. • Whitten, R “Climate Change and National Security,” in Association of the United States Navy. January 2010, accessed May 22, 2010, .• Zell, R “Global climate change and the emergence/reemergence of infectious diseases”, Journal of Medical Microbiology, vol. 293, 2004, p... 16-26.