a. Gold uses a statement from the U.S. National Research Council that says immigration brings in about $1 billion to $10 billion each year to refute the idea that immigration is bringing America down.b. Arora refutes the opposing view that most immigrants send their money back to their home countries instead of spending it in the United States, saying immigrants left their countries for many years and became American citizens . It also recognizes that most immigrants pay taxes and own small businesses that contribute to U.S. economic growth. Nowrasteh and Cole counter their opponents on the issue that immigrants compete with the jobs of native-born Americans by making a clear comparison that immigrants focus more on jobs that do not require English skills, while that native-born Americans are focusing more on jobs that require the English language. SKILLS. d. Conclusion: These authors present their arguments convincingly to refute the idea that immigration hinders the economic development of the United States of America.