4) It is obvious that the only thing constant in business is change. Organizational change often poses a significant challenge for business leaders, managers and employees. The need for change may be the result of changes in the marketplace, the economic environment, technological advancements, or evolving workforce skill requirements. Today, organizational change occurs for reasons external to the organization (Chandler, 1996: Hannan & Freeman, 1984), as well as internal to the organization (Baker 1990: Prechel 1994). Thus, external constraints, internal constraints, resource dependence and increasingly competitive markets force organizations to change in order to maximize their economic potential. Although organizational changes are usually a response to an event, businesses and managers should still expect to encounter problems. Organizations need to be more proactive and dependent on how to handle the problems that will inevitably arise. This will facilitate the process of organizational change and reduce resistance through appropriate management techniques. Resource dependence argues that environmental and organizational constraints impact organizational change (Pfeffer and Salancik, 2003). One of the first researchers to describe the process of organizational change was Lewin (1974). He described change as a three-step process that consists of a thawing, moving, and freezing stage. During the unfreezing phase, organizations are motivated to change by an event or goal. The move stage is like implementation when the organization actually makes the necessary change. Additionally, the freeze stage is reached when the change becomes permanent. Organizational change also...... middle of document ......y direct quotes. I need to learn how to properly incorporate the work of others into my own writing. I will note the five recommendations made by the APA Scientific Directorate to help researchers meet ethical standards for research, including: 1. Discuss intellectual property2. Be aware of multiple roles3. Follow the consent rules4. Respect confidentiality and privacy5. Leverage Ethical ResourcesIn addition, I will ensure that the IRB has all of my information about my study and participants, as well as the consent process. This will facilitate the research process and ensure that the confidentiality of participants and everyone involved is protected at all costs. I will also keep in mind that dishonesty includes fabrication and falsification, faulty data collection, misleading authorship as well as underhanded publishing practices..