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Essay / Efficacy of waste enzyme as a detergent and...
Waste enzymes were produced based on the formulation of three parts fruit peel, one part brown sugar and ten parts water were mixed together (The Star, 2009) and fermented in a 5 L plastic bottle at room temperature for three months. CHARACTERISTICS OF WASTE ENZYME. The progression of fermentation of fruit rejects showed a reduction in pH with time, 3.15 for GE while 3.78 for CGE. Odunfa (1985) attributed the significant reduction in pH to acid production during fermentation. In our study, the drop in pH could be attributed to organic acids produced during fermentation by microorganisms. The pH value of the produced GE was different from that of CGE. This could be due to the types of fruits used in production and different fermentation practices. For example, collected fruit peels were cleaned with distilled water while the commercial producer fermented them immediately without washing them. In addition, natural fermentation is spontaneous and uncontrolled, which results in a product of variable quality. The total number of microbes was detected at approximately 5 log CFU/ml at the end of fermentation for GE and CGE. On the other hand, the total number of yeasts and molds was very low for GE and CGE. Based on observation of colony morphology on DRBC agar, only yeasts were present in our fermentation products. The collected fruit peels were cleaned using only distilled water and were not subjected to additional pretreatment before fermentation. Spontaneous fermentations are generally uncontrolled and the microbiota of the products is inconsistent. Fermentation relies primarily on the microflora present on the surface of the fruits and, to some extent, on the utensils used during the fermentation process. The diverse microbial flora on fruits...... middle of paper...... water. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology. 60:1143-1148. The Star. 2009. http://www.thestar.com.my/story.aspx?file=%2f2008%2f7%2f26%2flifefocus%2f1633121&sec=lifefocusVillage, PKS 1998. Characterization of municipal solid waste in the United States. Updated 1997. Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Division of the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Wang, JY, Xu, HL and Tay, JH, 2002. A two-phase hybrid system for anaerobic digestion of food waste. Water science and technology. 45:159-165. Wang, QH, Ma, HZ, Xu, WL, Gong, LJ, Zhang, WY and Zou, DX 2008. Ethanol production from kitchen waste using response surface methodology. Journal of Chemical Engineering. 39: 604-610.Wang, XQ, Wang, QH, Liu, YY & Ma, HZ 2009. On-site production of crude glucoamylase for hydrolysis of kitchen waste. Waste management and research. 28: 539-544.