In Chapter 8 of Major Issues in American Immigration History, the focus shifts from the United States proper to expansion and the creation of the so-called American Empire of the late 19th century. Unlike other contemporary colonial powers, such as Britain and France, expansion beyond the coast into foreign lands was met with mixed responses. While some saw it as a simple continuation of Manifest Destiny, others saw it as a hypocrisy of the democratic spirit that had taken over the United States. Whatever their reasons, the shift in U.S. foreign policy toward direct control and acquisition raised questions about the indigenous inhabitants of the lands they owned and their place in American society. Despite its long history of creating states from acquired territories, the United States had no such plans for its colonies, thus barring citizenship to its native subjects. Chapter 8's discussion of colonialism and migration reveals that this new class of Americans, the natives, were never to be equal to their ruler, nor could they, either in physical or ideological terms , join the union of States. a watershed moment for the United States, in which the Industrial Revolution and Manifest Destiny-driven desire for expansion began to unfold in parallel. After the end of the Spanish-American War, the United States found itself with a multitude of new territories ceded by the dying Spanish empire. The question of what to do with these new lands became a source of debate all the way to the U.S. Congress. Men like Albert J. Beveridge, senator from Indiana, advocated annexation, but not necessarily the incorporation of these new l...... middle of article ......y Burnett, " The Noncitizen National and the Law of American Empire,” in Major Problems in American Immigration History, ed. Mae M Ngai and Jon Gjerde (Boston: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, 2013),278Dawnes v. Bidwell, “Dawnes v. Bidwell Rules Puerto Rico Belongs to But Not Part of United States, 1901,” in Major Problems in American Immigration History, ed. Mae M Ngai and Jon Gjerde (Boston: Wadsworth: Cengage Learning, 2013) American immigration, ed. . Mae M Ngai and Jon Gjerde (Boston: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, 2013),268Albert J. Beveridge, “Senator Albert J. Beveridge Supports an American Empire, 1898,” in Major Problems in American Immigration History, ed. Mae M Ngai and Jon Gjerde (Boston: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, 2013), 267