IntroductionH. capsulatum is the most common true pathogen causing histoplasmosis and was discovered by Dr. Samuel Darling in 1905 (Talaro & Chess, 2012). Histoplasma capsulatum is a dimorphic fungus that can grow in the human body as yeast. It is known that it grows best at human body temperature and remains in mycelial form at room temperature (Fayyaz, 2013). Most people who inhale this microscopic fungal spore do not become infected, but some people who inhale this spore result in the development of lung infections. H. capsulatum is a fungus found in soil and associated with bird and bat droppings (CDC, 2013). Interestingly, it took so long after its discovery that its epidemiology now suggests that it has been present for as long as agriculture has been practiced (Talaro & Chess, 2012).Causative agentHistoplasma capsulatum is a microbial fungus mainly involved in the lungs. and belongs to the kingdom of mushrooms. The main target of these inhaled spores is the lungs. By targeting the lungs, the spores can cause some individuals to develop minor or serious lung infections (CDC, 2013). Histoplasmosis is an airborne infection, which is transmitted when an individual inhales the spores during disturbance of soil or materials contaminated with bat or bird droppings. EpidemiologyHistoplasmosis disease is found primarily in the eastern and central regions of the United States. Specifically, it is most commonly found in the Ohio Valley and other areas with moist soils containing high levels of bird and bat droppings (Talaro & Chess, 2012). Since Histoplasma capsulatum is widely associated with soil and bird droppings, it is very common among individuals who work in parks, bird roosting areas,...... middle of paper.. .... of histoplasma virulence factor CBP. Retrieved February 26, 2010 from http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/bi701495v#fn1CDC (2013), Histoplasmosis. http://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/histoplasmosis/index.htmlEdwards JA and Rappleve CA. (2011). Histoplasmic mechanisms of pathogenesis – one portfolio does not fit all. Accessed 2011 from PubMed http://pubmedcentralcanada.ca/pmcc/articles/PMC3228276/Fayyaz, J. (2013). Histoplasmosis. Retrieved from 1994 to 2014 by WebMD: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/299054-overviewMedScape (2013). Amphotericin B. http://reference.medscape.com/drug/fungizone-amphotericin-b-conventional-amphotericin-b-deoxycholate-342582MedScape (2013). Itraconazole. http://reference.medscape.com/drug/sporanox-omnel-itraconazole-342591#0Talaro KP & Chess B. (2012). Fundamentals of microbiology: basic principles. 8th edition. McGraw-Hill.