Anna MariPaper 3The statistics on the number of animals affected may be innumerable as many animals are rescued every day (Collins). In 1789, the animal protection movement was born. Jeremy Bentham saw the need for animal protection around the world and thus created the movement. The appeal of the rally Jeremy Bentham attended in support of animal protection was: "The question is not can they [animals] reason or speak, but can they suffer." The United States and Great Britain signed the first “anti-cruelty” laws. in Great Britain (John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health). Over the past 50 years, new rules have been created regarding animal cruelty, based on people's changing views of animals (Kilroy). The leading cause of death and disability is diabetes in approximately 18.2 million people and diabetes also affects cats and dogs. Until now incurable, there are medications and treatments to deal with diabetes (“Americans For Medical Progress”). Apparently some doctors disagree. According to British professor Paul Furlong, animals are not humans and therefore make poor test subjects, especially on a cellular or metabolic level. It is difficult to create a model similar to people (“Pros and Cons”). Not only does animal testing take time, but many animals are used and it is expensive, which is not worth it when 9 out of 10 drugs fail. Clinical studies are not aimed at humans, even if they have helped cure an animal. Around 1975, more and more animal protection groups appeared. the world and these programs even question the use of animals for riding, testing, etc. Some other programs question the morality of using animals. (John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health). Animal testing should be done as a last resort if the product can be tested using alternative tests (Collins). There are around 50 different alternative methods for testing products. When it comes to testing alternatives, there is a system called the 3 R's. The first is to replace testing using animals, the second is to reduce the use of animals, and the third is to refine a procedure to minimize animal pain during testing. Through blood donations, scientists can replace traditional “pyrogenic” tests, which involve potentially toxic drugs. Episkin is essentially artificial human skin intended to save rabbits from corrosion and skin irritation tests. The fish threshold method reduces the use of fish when testing chemicals. Local lymph node reduction test, a type of sensitization or stimulation test, for skin allergy testing that reduces mouse testing by 75%. Neutral Red 3T3 Phototoxicity Test Reduces Uses in Rats in Sunlight Sensitivity Testing (Humane Society Of The United States). Another alternative is to use computer models and virtual drug trials. Microdosing involves giving small amounts of medicine to people