Underdevelopment can be understood in relation to development. Development is explained by the Oxford Dictionary as the process of developing or developing into a specified state of growth or advancement. Underdeveloped according to the Oxford dictionary means "not fully developed or not economically advanced", which is meant for a country or region. We can definitely see the difference between underdeveloped and developed where the changing situation appears from the economic point of view. To be more precise, worlds within the world were created, that is, the nomenclature of the First World and the Third World came into the picture. The First World is said to consist of the industrialized, capitalist countries of Western Europe, North America, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand that are developed (as explained in the definition). The Third World includes developing countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America that are still developing. Normally we understand that the situation of underdevelopment is due to the fact that the third world has been under colonies or colonial rule for some time and is lagging behind the first world in all aspects such as social progress, economic, political and technological which have yet to be achieved. seen in the third world as in the first world. In this article we will talk about various theorists including - Karl Marx (capitalism and class conflict), Kay and Amin (merchant capitalism, colonialism and neocolonialism), Vladimir Lenin (imperialism), Andre Gunder Frank (third world dependence) , Lipton. (urban bias) and dependency theory. Here in this article we will try to explain and understand the relevance of different theories of underdevelopment and different attributes related to it in the Indian context. Before pro...... middle of article...... 12 million child laborers in India. They are employed in textile factories, roadside restaurants (dhabas), hotels, as domestic workers, in mines, etc. They are even seen carrying out dangerous work in the firecracker and match industries. This is not a new scenario for India. The government has taken proactive steps to address this problem by strictly enforcing policies and laws. The root cause of this problem is said to be poverty, which constitutes a major obstacle to development. The Indian government introduced a law in 2006 that no child below the age of 14 should work. But this law came into force in 2008. As per the definition of underdevelopment, it can be said that there can be many factors leading to labeling a developing country as underdeveloped, but the economy is something which captures the whole argument in any factor. discussed.