Literature appealed to whites and the African-American middle class. As important as these literary media were, the Renaissance relied heavily on white publishing houses and white-owned magazines. One of the major achievements of the Renaissance was opening the door to traditional white publishing houses and periodicals, although the relationship between Renaissance writers and white publishers and audiences caused some controversy. WEB Du Bois did not object to the relationship between black writers and white publishers, but he condemned works, such as Claude McKay's best-seller, Home to Harlem (1928), for catering to the prurient demands of white readers and editors when it comes to representations. of black debauchery. Langston Hughes let most artists and writers know when he wrote his essay The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain (1926) that black artists were willing to express themselves, regardless of the opinions of white audiences or black. In the writings of Langston Hughes he also took up the theme of racial transience, but during the Harlem Renaissance he began to analyze the theme of homosexuality and homophobia. He began to use unruly language in his writings. He analyzed this topic because it was a point that had not been discussed at that time. Other African American artists and musicians also performed to diverse audiences. Harlem's taverns and clubs attracted both Harlem residents and whites.