Criminal profilingPolice forces are relatively familiar with criminal profiling. However, the idea of ​​criminal profiling has been around for centuries. Criminal profiling was used in the 1700s to find heretics and witches. In the early 19th century, Scotland Yard began studying clues to help catch criminals. This technique was also used in the Jack the Ripper case; although he was never arrested, authorities believed he possessed medical knowledge based on the manner in which he killed his victims (Research-Criminal Profiling). There has been a long debate over whether or not criminal profiling is a science. Considering all the psychology used and how the process has evolved since the first profiling case, criminal profiling is a science. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why violent video games should not be banned”? Get the original essay The first idea of ​​criminal profiling arose between 1940 and 1956. There was a case in which an unknown criminal placed more than thirty of the bombs around New York; he was called the “Mad Bomber.” It targeted popular socializing areas like cinemas, photo booths and shopping malls. In 1956, investigators asked James Brussel, a psychiatrist, to study crime scene photos and notes about the case. From these photos and notes, he was able to give a detailed description of the suspect. Brussels predicted that the offender was single, foreign, self-educated, living in Connecticut, and paranoid. These predictions were based on psychological ideas and common sense. Given that paranoia tends to peak at the age of 35, The Mad Bomber would most likely be in his 50s, given that this was 16 years after his first bombing. The profile proved accurate and led investigators to George Metesky, who immediately confessed upon his arrest in January 1957 (Winerman). The actual profiling process was later developed by a retired Marine Corps sergeant named Howard Teten. Howard Teten was born in Nebraska City, Nebraska and moved to various cities. His father was a road construction foreman and he moved to where the work was. After finishing high school, he joined the Marine Corps in 1950, moving out of Nebraska. When the Korean War broke out, Teten had just finished training camp and was sent overseas as an aerial photographer. In 1954, he left the Marines and became a police officer in San Leandro in 1958. He then began studying criminology at the University of California and graduated in 1960. “Here I am in school, taking abnormal criminology course. psychology, criminal psychology – and [also] working at crime scenes every day,” Teten recalls, “and I'm starting to see parallels. » After attracting the attention of the FBI, Tetan began agent training in April 1963 and was assigned to the Oklahoma City field office. In 1969, Teten accepted a position as an instructor in Washington, D.C., with an FBI special agent from New York named Patrick Mullany, who had a master's degree in educational psychology. They began to teach together; Teten spoke about the facts of a case, while Mullany explained how parts of the criminal's personality were revealed at the crime scene. "Patrick really made a difference, as he was a fully qualified psychologist, where I was a criminologist (Serial Killers. Part 2: The Birth of Behavioral Analysis at the FBI)."Patrick Mullany was born in 1935 in New York . After obtaining hishigh school diploma, he earned a bachelor's degree in American history and a minor in British history. While teaching in New York, he earned his master's degree in counseling and psychology. In an interview with Michael O'Brien, he talks about his service in the FBI. Mullany says he had family contacts with the FBI; his sister was a clerk and married an agent. He was 29 when he trained to become a special agent. Next, he talks about his relationship with Howard Teten. “I ended up teaching with a classmate very, very closely and became very close friends, Howard Teten, and from that relationship, many, many things happened (O'Brien). »Teten and Mullany were credited for the first behavioral analysis of difficult cases. They examined unusual homicides committed by several different police departments and the California Identification Officers Association, to collect information for analysis and comparison. To test themselves, they set up an experiment. “When I received the information, I reviewed all the data and prepared a provisional description of the attacker. Then I would examine the individual convicted of the crime and compare the perpetrator to my description,” Teten said. In 1970, Teten and Mullany made their first report on the murder of a woman in her home; The profile turned out to be correct. However, their first profiling challenge was the kidnapping of a seven-year-old girl named Susan Jaeger (Ramsland). In June 1973, Susan Jaeger disappeared in Montana during a family camping trip. While her family slept, someone broke through their tent and grabbed her before she could call for help. Mullany believed the suspect would be a white man from the area. He also believed the suspect kept to himself, had military training and had killed before. He most likely took Susan to kill her and collect body parts as trophies. David Meirhofer, a 23-year veteran, was interviewed but appeared polite, convincing, well-dressed and helpful; to local investigators he did not appear guilty. However, he still possessed many of the traits and behaviors described in the profile. Mullany and Teten believed that Meirhofer was just a psychopath capable of lying easily. Meirhofer was again named a suspect a year later. On the first anniversary of Susan's kidnapping, her mother received a call from a man who claimed Susan was with him. Ms. Jaeger surprised the caller by forgiving him, causing him to cry. The call was attempted to be traced but failed, however, voice analysis showed that the caller could have been Meirhofer. In 1974, a 19-year-old woman named Sandra Dyckman disappeared shortly after refusing a date with Meirhofer. Further investigation was launched when human bone fragments were discovered on an abandoned ranch where he had worked. Mullany convinced Ms. Jaeger to return to Montana and confront Meirhofer; when she did, he denied everything, but then called pretending to be someone else. Ms. Jaeger recognized his voice and the FBI was able to trace the call and stop it. With enough evidence to obtain an arrest warrant, investigators searched his home where they found human remains, including a hand, labeled as a "deer burger." The hand was later identified as Sandra's. The day before Meirhofer committed suicide, he admitted to four murders, including that of Susan. Investigators believed he suffered from schizopathy, which is a mixture of psychopathy and schizophrenia (Ramsland). Criminal profiling is the process of identifying behavioral traits that leads investigators to a personality trait, location and gives thema description of the offender based on their characteristics and location. evidence left at the crime scene. This involves identifying and describing important information about the possible suspect in a serial case. Criminal profilers use information from similar cases and offenses to narrow down the group of suspects. The objective is to achieve a profile of the criminal, which presents specific characteristics and interests, which could lead investigators to identify the offender. Criminal profiling is mainly used in cases of serial rape or homicide. Psychological profiling is based on the behavior of the suspect (Zapf). It is mainly used when the crime could have been committed by someone suffering from a mental illness. For example, if the victim's eyes are closed or taped off, the suspect is likely autistic. Indeed, autistic people generally do not like to make eye contact. This plays into criminal profiling, because of the psychology used to understand the offender and some of his mistakes or ideas. However, not everyone is affected by an illness in the same way as others. Victimology is the type of profiling that profiles victims to find similarities and give investigators an idea of ​​how the criminal chooses his victims and what he does to them. Serial criminals have victim types, meaning all of their victims are similar in one way or another (Research-Criminal Profiling). Serial criminals will pursue specific fantasies and rituals. Police have recognized how serial criminals follow specific patterns, such as what weapon they use, how they use it and the similarities between their victims. This helps investigators determine the type of offender, understand them better, and sometimes even identify them. If a victim escapes, they can help investigators find the offender or understand why the offender kills. However, some victims are too shaken to tell investigators (Types of Profiling). Profilers examine criminal behavior to learn the causes of their crimes and the characteristics of the offender. Profilers examine three areas of criminal behavior: verbal, physical and sexual interactions with victims. To create a profile, profilers review and take into account statistics, basic psychological ideas, crime scene behavior, victimology, location, time and at their own expense. Since the first profiling case, the profiling process has developed enormously (Research-Criminal Profiling). “The basic principle is that behavior reflects personality.” Retired FBI agent Gregg McCrary said. For example, in homicide cases, FBI agents examine personality through questions about the killer's behavior. When the first case of profiling took place, the profilers made educational assumptions, psychological insights, and common sense to create a profile. There was no real criminal profiling process for a year. However, through years of experience in brainstorming, educational guesswork, and intuition, investigators have developed their skills through involvement in a large number of cases and working in the field. Today, the profiling process has made profilers think about more questions and ideas than before. . The background, method and manner, body disposal and post-offense behavior are taken into account during the profiling process. The antecedent is the fantasy or plan that the murderer had in place.