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Essay / Outward FDI from emerging economies versus outward FDI...
Implications for the strategies of multinationals in emerging economies Only a few studies have shown that a company's resources play a determining role in terms of location. For example, these resources have been found to influence the subnational location choices of foreign companies that invest with asset-seeking strategies in the United States (Alcacer, 2006; Jain Hausknecht & et al., 2013). As Dunning (2009; Jain Hausknecht & et al., 2013) observed, location is now a more complex decision than that proposed in the international process (IP) model. Single-factor theories do not always provide a sufficient answer to possible variations in causal factors. Marinov and Marinova (2012) argue that to help organizations become viable FDI players in developed economies, there is increasing pressure on emerging economies to achieve some form of supranational institutional legitimacy, which requires to adjust their institutional system in labor statutes, national education and innovation systems, financial markets and corporate governance systems. Therefore, FDI from ES tends to go to places linked to institutions and culture. As for emerging economies, the BRICs (Brazil, Russia, India and China) which absorb the largest share of FDI cannot be ignored. The BRICS countries – Brazil, Russian Federation, India, China and South Africa – remained the main sources of FDI among emerging investor countries (Chen and Dhara, 2013). For example, Chinese multinationals have been found to prefer hosts that are close by, small in size, and have high natural resources (Pradhan, 2012). Statistics from the Ministry of Commerce suggest that about 60% of Chinese overseas investments approved between 1979 and 2002 were destined for Asia (Table 1) (UNCTAD, 2003)....... middle of document. .....– 164. UNCTAD, 2003, “China: an emerging FDI investor” [online] Available at: http://unctad.org/Sections/dite_fdistat/docs/china_ebrief_en.pdf (Consulted : 02/21/2014) Wadhwa, K & Sudhakara, RS 2011, “Foreign direct investment in developing Asian countries: the role of market-seeking, resource-seeking and efficiency-seeking factors”, International Journal of Business & Management, vol. 6, no. 11, pp. 219. Wang, C. (1.5), Hong, J. (.2.), Kafouros, M. (.3.). & Boateng, A. (.4.). 2012, “What drives outward FDI by Chinese companies? Testing the explanatory power of three theoretical frameworks”, International Business Review, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 425-438. Wang, C., Hong, J., Kafouros, M. and Wright, M. 2012, "Exploring the role of Government participation in outward FDI from Emerging Economies", Journal of International Business Studies, vol. 43, no. 7, pp... 655.