How could schools enable teachers to be better informed about Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander education?3 . Indigenous Literacy and Aboriginal English Over time, the quality of education for Aboriginal and Torres Islander people has improved greatly, although there is still a clear stagnant gap between the English language and literacy performance of students from of indigenous culture in relation to Australian students. This is supported by Dr Wendy Hanlen who asks "why don't indigenous students born in this country, many of whom speak English, in general, perform well in literacy?" » (Hanlen, 2002). This is a good school that would ensure that educators are equipped with information that improves indigenous literacy and English in the education system. It is furthermore essential that schools also find the causal correlation between the stagnant gap between indigenous students and other non-indigenous students (Hanlen, 2002). Schools must equip teachers with knowledge of indigenous literacy and English. These two cultures still oppose each other (Nakata, 2001). Indigenous methods are found to be more “circular in nature, kinship, leisure, land, law and work are all interdependent and dynamic” (Hanlen, 2002). The Australian Aboriginal language constitutes indigenous culture (Eades, 1995). The differences between the two modes of literacy caused disruption according to (Hanlen, 2002). Everyday Australian practices continually incorporate the use of literacy practices, for example filling out a form; using an ATM, reading and filling out children's school grades, as well as taking online electronic tests, such as obtaining a driver's license. C...... middle of paper ......ambridge University Press. Shipp, C. (2012). Why Indigenous Perspectives in School? A consideration of the current Australian educational landscape and the ambiguities that need to be addressed in the teaching of literacy. English in Australia. 47(3), 20-24. Retrieved from http://search.informit.com.au.ezproxy1.acu.edu.au/MTA2ODk2OTguNTgxNTQ0/elibrary//L_ENGAUS/2012_v047n03/L_EngAus2012V047N03_020.pdf Shopen, G. (2009). Closing the achievement gap: Teaching English in indigenous schools. English in Australia. 44 (3), 9-17. Retrieved from http://search.informit.com.au.ezproxy1.acu.edu.au/MTA2ODk2MTkuNzk5ODk3/elibrary//L_ENGAUS/Vol44_No3_2009/L_EngAusV44N3_009.pdf Troy, J. “Language and Literacy,” in Price, K. ( 2012). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Education: An Introduction to the Teaching Profession. (Chapter 9, pages 131-150). United States, New York: Cambridge University Press.