The first form of racial discrimination against Asian Americans was encountered during the California Gold Rush. The Gold Rush attracted Chinese immigrants to California to meet the high demand for labor. However, as more Chinese immigrated to California and lower-paying jobs were filled, Chinese began to take higher-paying positions typically held by whites. As a result, an anti-Chinese movement formed, followed by the enactment of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, which prevented further Chinese immigration to the United States. Essentially, the Chinese were discriminated against by the whites, fearing that the Chinese would take back their jobs. After World War II, the federal government ended the 1882 ban on Chinese immigration and granted citizenship to foreign-born Chinese Americans (Charles and Guryan 507). When it comes to workplace discrimination, one of the issues affecting Asian American workers is wages. According to ChangHwan Kim and author Sakamoto, Asian Americans earn 8% less than their white counterparts. Additionally, they also found that education did not significantly improve the wage situation of Asian Americans. Asian American men with college degrees still earn lower wages than a white man with a similar level of education. Although the 8% difference may seem small, it clearly indicates that racial discrimination against Asian Americans still exists through wage rates (Charles and Guryan 509). There has been debate over whether Asians face discrimination in the workplace based on their race. which has been raging for years. Research findings on this issue are varied. For example, Cabezas and Kawaguchi (1988) showed that the front...... middle of paper ......r 2013Social issues New Mysoclab with electronic text access card package A la carte books . NP: Pearson College Div, 2012. Print. The unemployment rate for blacks is consistently twice that of whites. » Pew Research Center RSS. NP, August 21, 2013. Web. October 22, 2013. Austin, Algernon. “The Economic Policy Institute. " Economic Policy Institute. Economic Policy Institute, February 25, 2013. Web. October 22, 2013. Blank Rebecca, Marilyn Dabady, and Constance Citro. Measuring Racial Discrimination. National Academies Press, 2004. Cohen, Y, and Zach. T. (1997) . The labor market situation of immigrants: effects of unemployment rate on arrival and duration of residence, 50(2): 289-303. (2009). “Spatial Mismatch, Immigrant Networks, and Hispanic Employment in the United States,” NBER Working Paper No... 15398.